Lung Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a disease where cells in the lungs grow out of control. These cells form lumps called tumors. Over time, these tumors can spread to other parts of the body. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), lung cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Early detection is important because it can improve treatment outcomes. Many people do not notice symptoms until the disease has advanced. However, knowing the early signs of lung cancer can help you seek help sooner.

Common Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Often, lung cancer does not cause symptoms in the early stages. But as the disease grows, you may notice changes. For example, you might develop a cough that will not go away. Other symptoms can include:

Persistent cough or changes in a chronic cough

Coughing up blood or rust-colored spit

Shortness of breath

Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing

Hoarseness

Unexplained weight loss

Loss of appetite

Feeling tired or weak

Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis

Sometimes, these symptoms can be caused by other conditions. Still, it is wise to talk to your doctor if you notice any of them.

Causes and Risk Factors

Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that smoking causes about 80% of lung cancer deaths. But even people who have never smoked can get lung cancer. Other risk factors include:

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Contact with radon gas

Exposure to asbestos or other harmful chemicals

Family history of lung cancer

Air pollution

Previous radiation therapy to the chest

Although you cannot change some risk factors, you can lower your risk by making healthy choices.

How Lung Cancer is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to find out if you have lung cancer. First, they may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may order a chest X-ray or a CT scan. These tests help spot any unusual growths in the lungs. If doctors see something suspicious, they may do more tests, such as:

Sputum cytology (examining mucus under a microscope)

Biopsy (removing a small piece of tissue for testing)

Bronchoscopy (using a thin tube to look inside the lungs)

Early diagnosis is key. Therefore, if you notice early signs of lung cancer, see your doctor right away.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer

Lung cancer treatment options depend on the type and stage of the disease. Your overall health also plays a role. Common treatments include:

Surgery to remove the tumor

Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells

Chemotherapy (using drugs to destroy cancer cells)

Targeted therapy (drugs that attack specific cancer cells)

Immunotherapy (helping your immune system fight cancer)

Sometimes, doctors use a mix of these treatments. Your care team will explain the best lung cancer treatment options for you.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk. Here are some lung cancer prevention tips:

Do not smoke. If you smoke, seek help to quit.

Avoid secondhand smoke whenever possible.

Test your home for radon gas.

Use protective gear if you work with chemicals.

Eat a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

Exercise regularly to keep your lungs healthy.

See your doctor for regular check-ups, especially if you have risk factors.

Even small changes can make a big difference over time.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any symptoms of lung cancer, do not wait. For example, if you have a cough that will not go away or cough up blood, see a healthcare provider. Early signs of lung cancer can be easy to miss. However, getting checked early can improve your chances of successful treatment. If you have risk factors, talk to your doctor about screening tests.

In summary, lung cancer is a serious disease, but early action can help. Consult a healthcare specialist at SV Multispecialty Hospital for personalized advice on lung cancer.